变动成本法(fa)税前利润计算公式:
变(bian)动(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)法下的税(shui)前(qian)利(li)润=销售(shou)收入-销售(shou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(变(bian)动(dong)生产成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben))-变(bian)动(dong)非生产成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)-固定生产成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)-固定非生产成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)
变动成本(ben)法,是指在(zai)产品成本(ben)的计算(suan)上(shang),只包(bao)括产品生产过程(cheng)中(zhong)所消耗的直(zhi)接材料(liao)、直(zhi)接人工和制造费(fei)用(yong)中(zhong)的变动性部分(fen)(fen),而(er)不包(bao)括制造费(fei)用(yong)中(zhong)的固定性部分(fen)(fen)。制造费(fei)用(yong)中(zhong)的固定性部分(fen)(fen)被视为(wei)期间成本(ben)而(er)从相应期间的收入中(zhong)全部扣(kou)除。
变动成本法的特点
1.以成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)性(xing)态分析为基础计算(suan)产(chan)品成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)。变动成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)法(fa)将(jiang)产(chan)品的制造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)按成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)性(xing)态划分为变动性(xing)制造(zao)费(fei)用和固定性(xing)制造(zao)费(fei)用两部分,认为只有变动性(xing)制造(zao)费(fei)用才构成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)产(chan)品成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben),而固定性(xing)制造(zao)费(fei)用应作为期间(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)处理。
2.强调不同的(de)制(zhi)造成(cheng)本在(zai)(zai)(zai)补(bu)偿(chang)方式上存在(zai)(zai)(zai)着差异性(xing)。变动(dong)成(cheng)本法(fa)认为(wei)产(chan)品的(de)成(cheng)本应该在(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)销售的(de)收(shou)入(ru)中获得补(bu)偿(chang),而固定(ding)性(xing)制(zhi)造费用由于只与企业(ye)的(de)经(jing)营有(you)关,与经(jing)营的(de)“状况”无关,所以应该在(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)发生的(de)同期收(shou)入(ru)中获得补(bu)偿(chang),与特定(ding)产(chan)品的(de)销售行为(wei)无关。
3.强(qiang)调销(xiao)售(shou)环节对(dui)企业利(li)(li)润(run)的(de)贡献。由于变(bian)动成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本法将(jiang)固定性制造(zao)费用列作期(qi)(qi)间成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本,所(suo)以(yi)在一(yi)定产量条件下,损益对(dui)销(xiao)量的(de)变(bian)化更为敏(min)感,这在客观上有刺激(ji)销(xiao)售(shou)的(de)作用。产品销(xiao)售(shou)收入与变(bian)动成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)差量为贡献毛益,而以(yi)贡献毛益减去期(qi)(qi)间成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本就是利(li)(li)润(run)。不难看出,变(bian)动成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本法强(qiang)调的(de)是变(bian)动成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本对(dui)企业利(li)(li)润(run)的(de)影响。